Each image retains its author, source and reuse terms.
Text and advice: Steve Cimolino, Comprendre comment explorer le ciel, volume II, version dated 17 October 2026, Éditions Les Vieux Livres. The portal’s fact sheets reproduce this version of the manuscript and do not claim to independently update every scientific value.
Catalogues cited in the book: NASA HEASARC — Messier and OpenNGC — Mattia Verga. Coordinates adapted from OpenNGC remain under CC BY-SA 4.0. M102 is presented as NGC 5866 by convention; its historical identification remains debated.
The files come from the Images folder of volume II supplied by the author. The attributions below are taken from the bibliography; the attribution for M52 is supplemented by the 2MASS description on its source page. Images are resized and converted to WebP without colour retouching. Thumbnails may be cropped when displayed; fact sheets show the full proportions of the supplied files.
General terms cited in the book: NASA — Images and Media, ESA/Hubble — Copyright Information and ESO — Copyright. These organisations do not sponsor this portal. The terms in each image’s own description take precedence; CC BY-SA images retain their licence.
NASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, G. Piotto et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, G. Piotto et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESO Imaging Survey. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Giuseppe Donatiello from Oria (Brindisi), Italy. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
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Credit: ESO. CC BY 3.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 3.0
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NASA, ESA, M. Mutchler (Space Telescope Science Institute); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA & ESA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Manfred Höcherl. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
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ESA/Hubble & NASA, P. Dobbie et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble and NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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NASA, ESA, and F. D'Antona (INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma); Image Processing: Gladys Kober. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESO/INAF-VST/OmegaCAM. Acknowledgement: OmegaCen/Astro-WISE/Kapteyn Institute. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Fabian Rodriguez Frustaglia. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
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NASA, ESA, and C. Johnson (STScI); Image Processing: Gladys Kober. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
RubinObs/NOIRLab/SLAC/NSF/DOE/AURA. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
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RubinObs/NOIRLab/SLAC/NSF/DOE/AURA. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Roberto Colombari. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Starhopper. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Credit: T.A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) and H. Schweiker (WIYN and NOIRLab/NSF/AURA). CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
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ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. E. Grindlay et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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Veryoldphotons. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA/Hubble. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Brody Wesner. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Fabrizio Francione. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, and M. Durbin, J. Dalcanton and B. F. Williams (University of Washington). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Jim Mazur. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
gjdonatiello. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NOIRLab/ NSF /AURA. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, AURA/Caltech, Palomar Observatory The science team consists of: D. Soderblom and E. Nelan (STScI), F. Benedict and B. Arthur (U. Texas), and B. Jones (Lick Obs.). Public domain .
Photograph source and original description ↗ · Public domain (source description)
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Jim Mazur. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, J. Blakenslee, P Cote et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, S. Beckwith (STScI) and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
2MASS — University of Massachusetts and IPAC/California Institute of Technology; funded by NASA and NSF. Public domain according to the source description.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · Public domain (source description)
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, A. Sarajedini (Florida Atlantic University), and M. Libralato (STScI, ESA, JWST); Image Processing: Gladys Kober. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA & ESA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Credit Line and Copyright Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona. CC BY-SA 3.0 us.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 3.0 us
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ESA/Hubble & NASA, P. Cote. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, ESO, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, and S. Anderson (University of Washington) and J. Chaname (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Judy Schmidt from USA. CC BY 2.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 2.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA · CC BY 4.0
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration; Acknowledgment: Davide De Martin and Robert Gendler. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Chuck Ayoub. CC0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble and NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, A. Sarajedini, G. Piotto, M. Libralato. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Digitized Sky Survey 2. CC BY-SA 3.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 3.0
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ESA/Hubble & NASA, R. Chandar. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, F. Ferraro et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, STScI. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, L. C. Ho, D. Thilker. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESO/Igor Chekalin. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, STScI, F. Ferraro (Universita di Bologna) and S. Djorgovski (California Institute of Technology). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, and G. Piotto (Universita degli Studi di Padova); Image Processing: Gladys Kober. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (National Science Foundation). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: W. Blair (STScI/Johns Hopkins University) and R. O’Connell (University of Virginia). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, P. Cote (National Research Council of Canada); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and R. O’Connell (University of Virginia). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, P. Cote et al.. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: P. Cote (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics) and E. Baltz (Stanford University). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, STScI, and M. Franx (Universiteit Leiden) and S. Faber (University of California, Santa Cruz). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, D. Thilker, J. Lee and the PHANGS-HST Team. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, and J. Lee (California Institute of Technology); Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA; Acknowledgment: Gilles Chapdelaine. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
Sergio Eguivar. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NASA, ESA, J. Lee (STScI), and R. Chandar (University of Toledo); Image Processing: Gladys Kober (NASA/Catholic University of America). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
ESA/Hubble & NASA, F. Belfiore, D. Calzetti. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
Image resized and converted to WebP for this site; colours and proportions retained. Each image’s own licence continues to apply.
NOIRLab / NSF / AURA. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
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NASA, ESA, V. Rubin (Carnegie Institution of Washington). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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ESA/Hubble & NASA; Acknowledgment: Matej Novak. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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NASA, ESA, and Judy Schmidt. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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Credit: Image: European Space Agency & NASA Acknowledgements: Project Investigators for the original Hubble data: K.D. Kuntz (GSFC), F. Bresolin (University of Hawaii), J. Trauger (JPL), J. Mould (NOAO), and Y.-H. Chu (University of Illinois, Urbana) Image processing: Davide De Martin (ESA/Hubble) CFHT image: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/J.-C. Cuillandre/Coelum NOAO image: George Jacoby, Bruce Bohannan, Mark Hanna/NOAO/AURA/NSF. CC BY 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY 4.0
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NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); Acknowledgment: W. Keel (University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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Jim Mazur. CC BY-SA 4.0.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · CC BY-SA 4.0
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NASA and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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NASA, ESA, STScI, and C. Sarazin (University of Virginia). NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA) and R. Gendler (for the Hubble Heritage Team); Acknowledgment: J. GaBany. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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ESA/Hubble & NASA. NASA / ESA / STScI reuse; see the NASA and ESA/Hubble terms below.
Photograph source and original description ↗ · NASA / ESA / STScI terms
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Sloan Digital Sky Survey. CC BY 4.0.
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KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/George Hatfield and Flynn Haase. CC BY 4.0.
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European Space Agency. CC BY 2.0.
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